Data room
Payments data, in charts
Stablecoin supply and payments, the cost of sending money home, settlement speed across payment rails, CBDC progress and the rules that shape them. Every chart names its source. Free to cite with a link.
Correspondent banking6.36% average cost
- SenderPays in cash or from a bank
- Sending bankConverts at its own rate
- Correspondent banksOne or more hops, each with fees
- Receiving bankCredits in local currency
- Family1 to 5 business days later
Stablecoin railCost depends on the two ramps
- SenderFunds from a card or bank
- On-rampBecomes digital dollars
- BlockchainSettles in seconds, 24/7
- Off-rampLocal currency or a bill paid
- FamilyUsually the same day
Source World Bank Remittance Prices Worldwide (global average for $200, Q3 2025); BIS and FSB cross-border payments reports.
Total supply, year-end
Share of supply, Oct 2026
- USDT60%
- USDC24%
- Others16%
Source DefiLlama stablecoin dashboard, October 2026. The record was about $321B in May 2026.
Source McKinsey and Artemis Analytics estimate of 2025 payment volume; Artemis 2026 year-to-date; Visa via The Block, September 2026.
Source World Bank Remittance Prices Worldwide, Q3 2025 (Sub-Saharan Africa: Q1 2025).
- Correspondent bankingGlobal reach, highest cost1 to 5 business days
- ACH and batch transfersCents, business days onlySame day to 3 days
- Card networksAbout 1.59% average to US merchantsSeconds to approve, 1 to 2 days to settle
- Instant systems (UPI, Pix, FedNow)Mostly domesticSeconds
- Stablecoins on public blockchainsGlobal, needs on and off rampsSeconds to minutes, 24/7
FasterSlower
Source Nilson Report 2025 card fees; Nacha; Federal Reserve; NPCI; BIS. Bar length shows relative settlement time.
- 146countries and currency unions exploring a CBDC98% of world GDP
- 41pilot projectsincluding China's e-CNY and India's e₹
- 3fully launchedthe Bahamas, Jamaica and Nigeria
Source Atlantic Council CBDC Tracker, 2026.
Sending cash for a billFour steps, two people
- Send moneyFees plus an exchange-rate margin
- Cash outA trip to a bank or agent
- Pay at a counterOr online, if someone has time
- Bill paidDays later, if it is paid at all
Paying the bill across the borderOne step for the sender
- Choose the billElectricity, school, phone
- Pay the biller directlyThrough a bill payment network
- Biller confirmsReceipt goes to both sides
- Family is coveredNothing to collect or carry
Source NPCI Bharat Connect (3.05B bills a year); IFAD on the share of remittances spent on household needs.
- EUMiCA stablecoin rules apply
- UAECentral bank payment token rules
- USGENIUS Act signed
- Hong KongStablecoins Ordinance in force
- Hong KongFirst issuer licences
- EUMiCA transition ends
- USGENIUS Act fully in effect
Source EU MiCA; Central Bank of the UAE; US Congress; HKMA; 2026 implementation updates.
Source Artemis via The Defiant, January 2026; Visa via The Block, September 2026.
Source RBI remittance survey, 2023-24 (GCC states 38% in total, UAE 19.2%); RBI balance of payments 2024-25; IFAD 2025.
- 01Scheme sanctions fundsMinistry or state department approves a release
- 02Treasury and PFMSFunds move through the public financial management system
- 03Sponsor bankThe department's bank initiates bulk credits
- 04Aadhaar Payment BridgeNPCI routes each credit to the Aadhaar-linked account
- 05Citizen account or walletMoney lands, usually the same day
- 06Spend or cash outUPI, RuPay, bank agent or e-RUPI voucher
Source DBT Mission; NPCI Aadhaar Payment Bridge; PFMS.
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